OPTIC2014

Plenary Speakers

John Bowers

University of California Santa Barbara, USA

Katarina Svanberg

Lund University, Sweden

Jung Han

Yale University, USA

Benjamin J. Eggleton

University of Sydney, CUDOS

Photonics: A Bright Future in a Changing World

Eugene G. Arthurs

SPIE, The International Society for Optics and Photonics, USA

Plenary Speakers

Abstract

As we look towards 2014 (4712) and the Year of the Horse, the global macroeconomic picture remains beset by uncertainty. Photonics has not completely escaped the consequences of the Great Recession of 2008, but the sector has remained relatively strong as the promise becomes reality. Efforts like Photonics21 in Europe and the nascent National Photonics Initiative (NPI) in the United States are proactive attempts to gain recognition for the importance of photonics and the realizable social and economic benefits. Austerity is forcing choices across the world. We must work together to ensure global support for a field that too few know has extraordinary potential to change our world for the better.

Bio

Eugene G. Arthurs joined SPIE staff as Executive Director in November 1999. Prior to this he was President and CEO of Cleveland Crystals Inc. (CCI) He joined CCI, a closely held company, in 1997 and after reorganizing the company he marketed and sold it at the end of 1998.

In 1980 he joined Quantronix Corporation in New York, leading laser applications development and then managing its business for the semiconductor equipment market. From 1983 to 1997, Eugene was with Oriel Corporation in Connecticut, initially as Vice President of Technology and Marketing and from 1991, as President. Oriel, originally a privately held corporation, was acquired by a venture capital company in 1987. He changed the business of Oriel to emphasize systems and instruments and in 1996 ThermoElectron Corp. acquired an increasingly profitable Oriel. Eugene became involved in Thermo’s growth-by-acquisition activities. During his time at Oriel, he played an active role on the Boards of Oriel Scientific Ltd., (London, UK), LOT Oriel GmBH, (Darmstadt, Germany) and he was a founder of Andor Technology Ltd. (Belfast, N.Ireland) a company initially owned mostly by Oriel.

Eugene received his B.Sc. (1st in Applied Physics from Queens University Belfast, N.Ireland. His Ph.D. research was in generation and measurement of tunable ultrashort pulses. In 1973, he taught the M.Sc. class in optoelectronics at Queens while continuing his research. He then moved to Imperial College in London where he conducted U.S. Air Force sponsored research on lasers.

An SPIE member from 1972 or so, Eugene has been active in the American Society for Lasers in Medicine of which he was a founding member, the Council for Optical Radiation Measurement, and the OSA at a local and national level. He is currently a member of SPIE, OSA, IEEE, AAAS, and ASAE. He is a member of the board of class honours) in 1972 in Physics, and his Ph.D. in 1975 Edmund Optics, the Advisory Boards to the Canadian Institute for Photonics Innovation and the Scottish University Physics Alliance, and also a member of the Photonics21 Board of Stakeholders. A former Congressional District Organizer, he remains active in Bread for the World, an educational and public policy organization working on the basic causes of world hunger.

Optical coatings. Design and applications.

Angus Macleod

Thin Film Center Inc., USA

Plenary Speakers

Abstract

Today, an optical system without optical coatings is almost unthinkable as well as virtually impossible. The role of optical coatings stretches from an enabling one, in which they largely assure a requred level of performance by modifying the optical properties of surfaces, to ones where they themselves actually drive the application. Although they have a long history and the model of their behavior has survived for more than half a century, optical coatings still represent an active and exciting field of research. Designs range from a few to hundreds of accurately constructed multilayered thin films in which material properties and interference combine to give the desired performance and applications range from simple reduction of surface reflection to the detection of incredibly small amounts of specific material. Everywhere there is an optical system there is an optical coating.

Bio

Angus Macleod has more than 40 years of experience in optical coatings, both in manufacturing and in research. He was born and educated in Glasgow, Scotland, and worked both in industry and academia in Great Britain before joining the University of Arizona as Professor of Optical Sciences in 1979. Since 1995, he has been full time with Thin Film Center, Inc., a software, training and consulting company in Tucson that he co-founded in 1986. He is the author of Thin Film Optical Filters, 4th edition (CRC Press, 2010).

Applications of Laser Spectroscopy to Meet Challenges in Medicine

Katarina Svanberg

Lund University, Sweden

Plenary Speakers

Abstract

Background. Laser spectroscopy has been shown to be a valuable tool both in the detection and the therapy of malignancies. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) for tissue characterisation can be used for monitoring the biomolecular changes in tissue under transformation from normal to dysplastic and cancer tissue before structural tissue changes are seen at a later stage.

Methods. LIF is based on UV or near-UV illumination for fluorescence excitation. Fluorescence from endogenous chromophores in the tissue, or enhanced by exogenous tumour seeking substances can be utilised. The technique is non-invasive and gives the results in real-time.

Photodynamic therapy is a selctive treatment technique for human malignancies. To overcome the limited light penetration interstitial delivery via optical fibres has been developed. Interactive feed-back dosimetry is of importance for optimising this modality and such a concept has been developed.

Another technique is based on gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy (GASMAS). The technique is used to detect free gas (oxygen and water vapour) and has been applied to the detection of of the human sinus cavities.

The GASMAS technique might also be used for surveillance of prematurly born infants. GASMAS may also be developed for detection of other diseases, such as middle ear infection in small kids. A certain proportion of these infections are viral induced and in these cases no antibiotics should be prescribed. GASMAS has a potential to discriminate the origin of the disease and thus guide in the desicion of appropriate therapy. Such aspects are presently persued at SCNU, Guangzhou.

Bio

Katarina Svanberg is an M.D. and a Ph.D and holds a professorship at Lund University, Sweden as well as in Guangzhou, China at South China Normal University. She started her research career by studying laser light interaction in biological tissue. Her PhD thesis in Medical Science presented pre-clinical research work within experimental photodynamic therapy and tissue spectroscopy. The post doc research activity has been focussed on clinical application of the pre clinical achievements. Katarina Svanberg has combined her clinical activity with research work and thus been able to introduce a new cancer treatment modality in Oncology (Photodynamic Therapy) at the Lund University Hospital. She has been a key person in the collaboration in between several clinics and departments at Lund University in introducing and applying laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy for early tumour detection. Svanberg has also been involved in developing a method for gas monitoring; Gas in Scattering Media Absorption Spectroscopy (GASMAS) in the human body and this technique has been applied in the diagnosis of sinusitis. GASMAS also seems promising for in situ real time surveillance of preterm babies controlling their lung function. K.S. is a board member of Lund Laser Centre and since 1993 she is the director of the Lund University Medical Laser Centre. She has organized many international conferences in Biomedical Optics. She has been in many advisory committees including at FDA in the US. During 2011 she served as the president of the International Society for Optics and Photonics (SPIE).

PRECISION INTERFEROMETRIC MEASUREMENTS IN NON-IDEAL ENVIRONMENTS

James C. Wyant

University of Arizona, USA

Plenary Speakers

Abstract

Precision optical components are essential for modern optics/photonics systems. Modern electronics, computers, and software have made it possible to greatly improve the fabrication and testing of optical components and optical systems and the resulting improvements in the new optical instruments and devices we use are evident. Until recently, a major limitation of interferometry for precision metrology was the sensitivity to the environment. In recent years many techniques for performing high quality interferometric measurements in non-ideal environments have been developed and new techniques are being introduced all the time. This talk discusses some of the different techniques for reducing the effects of vibration and atmospheric turbulence on interferometric measurements. The application of these techniques for the measurement of surface vibration, the testing of optical components including large astronomical optics, and the measurement of deformations of diffuse structures will be described.

Bio

James C. Wyant is professor emeritus at the College of Optical Sciences at the University of Arizona, where he was Director (1999-2005) and Dean (2005-2012). He received a B.S. in physics from Case Western Reserve University and M.S. and Ph.D. in optics from the University of Rochester. He was a founder of the WYKO Corporation and served as its president and board chairman from 1984 to 1997 and he was a founder of the 4D Technology Corporation and currently serves as its board chairman. Wyant is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, a Fellow of OSA (Optical Society of America), SPIE (International Society of Optics and Photonics), and the Optical Society of India, an honorary member of the Optical Society of Korea, and former editor-in-chief of the OSA journal Applied Optics. He was the 2010 president of OSA and the 1986 president of SPIE.

Polarization Holography and its Application to Optical Mass-Storage

Toyohiko Yatagai

Utsunomiya University, Japan

Plenary Speakers

Abstract

Holographic data storage is one of the most promising techniques in future mass-storage systems after Blu-ray Disc, since it has excellent features, such as storage capacity, access speed, energy consumption, cost and so on. An optical storage system with 3 Gbyte/disc of storage capacity and 3 Gbit/sec of access speed is developing. Angular and shift multiplexing techniques are developed to increase storage capacity. In this paper, an alternative approach to increasing storage capacity is proposed, in which polarization information in vector wave of light is employed.

Recently, retardagraphy that is an optical recording technique with a single beam was proposed as an application to optical storage by the authors. In the retardagraphy, a retardance pattern of a birefringent object can be recorded on a polarization-sensitive medium as a recording medium. In other words, a pattern of the phase difference between two orthogonal polarization components of a vector wave can be recorded. In the conventional holography, a recording laser beam must be split into a signal beam and a tilted reference beams. In contrast, the retardagraphy employs the in-line recording setup so that the optical system for recoding and reading is very simple and robust for environmental turbulence.

Off-axis holography is also discussed for optical mass storage systems. In this architecture, angular-multiplexing and shift-multiplexing techniques in volume holographic recording are employed to increase data capacity. Since two orthogonally polarized beams are superimposed on a polarization sensitive medium with different incident angles, polarization states inside medium is described not with the Jones vector theory but also a tensor theory. A general theory of volume-type polarization holography is discussed. A dual-channel holography is also presented.

Binary and multi-level phase patterns displayed by a parallel-aligned liquid crystal spatial light modulator (PAL-SLM) were recorded on the polarization-sensitive medium, such as azo-benzene polymers, PQ-PMMA and AK1. An imaging polarimetry system measured retardation between two orthogonal polarization components of reconstructed images. In experiments, orthogonal polarization-, 10-time-angular- and 100 micron shift-multiplexing were combined and successfully performed in vector-wave recording.

Bio

Toyohiko Yatagai received the BE and DE degrees in applied physics from the University of Tokyo, in 1969 and 1980, respectively. He is active in wide areas in applied optics, including optical computing, optical measurements, holography, and spectral optical coherence tomography for biological applications. He is Fellow of OSA, SPIE and Japan Society of Applied Physics. He is Director of Center for Optical Research and Education at Utsunomiya University since 2007. He is 2013 vice-President of SPIE. He is the author of 9 books and more than three hundred academic papers in applied optics.

Liquid Crystal Displays

Pochi Yeh

University of California Santa Barbara, USA

Plenary Speakers

Abstract

Flat panels of Liquid Crystal Displays are becoming the dominant displays in virtually all aspects of our life, providing an important bridge between human beings and computers/machines. This is a result of great success in several enabling technology areas. These include liquid crystal materials useful over a large temperature range, thin film transistors (TFT), large area birefringent thin films, large area sheet polarizers, etc. In this talk, the author will briefly review the technology development of liquid crystal displays. This is followed by a discussion of the possibility holographic display of 3D video images using liquid crystal panels. Many of the fundamental issues and limitations will be presented and discussed.

Bio

Pochi Yeh obtained his B.S. in Physics from National Taiwan University and his Ph.D. in Physics from Caltech. Before joining the ECE faculty as a Professor at UC Santa Barbara in 1989, Dr. Yeh was the Principal Scientist of the Optics Department and Acting Manager of Applied Optics Group at Rockwell Science Center in Thousand Oaks. Dr. Yeh is known for several important contributions in optics and photonics. These include his pioneering work on the theory and application of periodic stratified media (also known as photonic crystals), as well as several important optical and photonic devices such as birefringent thin film compensators for liquid crystal displays. Dr. Yeh and his coworkers are responsible for the development of a matrix method for optics of layered media, an extended Jones matrix method for liquid crystal displays as well as the development of a theory of wave mixing in nonlinear optical media. His classic paper on layered media entitled, "Electromagnetic Propagation in Periodic Stratified Media: I. General Theory" (with A. Yariv, C.S. Hong, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 67, 423, 1977) has been cited several hundred times. This classic paper is one of the most-cited papers in the Journals published by Optical Society of America. Dr. Yeh introduced the concept of photonic bands and bandgaps in this article as early as 1977. In the area of applications, he is the originator of several new photonic device concepts, including photonic crystal waveguides, Bragg fibers, thin film compensators for viewing angle improvement in liquid crystal displays (LCDs), as well as various birefringent filters for strategic laser communications. Dr. Yeh was named "Engineer of the Year," at Rockwell Science Center and received the Leonardo da Vinci Award in 1985. He is a Fellow of the Optical Society of America (OSA), the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Dr. Yeh received the Rudolf Kingslake Medal and Prize from the International Optical Engineering Society in 1989, Pan Wen Yuan outstanding research award in 2010, Outstanding Scholar Award in 2010. He is the author and co-author of over four hundred technical papers, thirty US patents and the following five textbooks: "Optical Waves in Crystals," (with Amnon Yariv, Wiley, 1984), "Optical Waves in Layered Media," (Wiley, 1988), "Introduction to Photorefractive Nonlinear Optics," (Wiley, 1993), "Optics of Liquid Crystal Displays," (with C. Gu, Wiley, 1st edition 1999, 2nd edition 2010), and "Photonics: Optical Electronics in Modern Communications, 6-th Edition," (with Amnon Yariv, Oxford, 2006). Several of these textbooks have been translated into Russian, Japanese and Chinese. Dr. Yeh's current research interest includes thin film optics, nonlinear optics, holography, display optics, polarizers and birefringent media, optical communications, fundamental optical properties of photonic crystal structures and nano-structures.

Photonics beyond diffraction limit: Plasmon waveguide, cavities and integrated laser circuits

Xiang Zhang

University of California Berkeley, USA

Plenary Speakers

Abstract

I will discuss recent development in scaling down photonics. First I will present theoretical and experimental investigation of passive low loss waveguide using hybrid plasmon design. We propose a new optical cavity design approach using indefinite medium that has a drastically different scaling law than conventional microcavities, and discuss its experimental demonstrations. Finally we will show an active plasmonic laser circuit that integrated with 5 tiny cavities that multiplexed into a single waveguide-an effort towards integrated photonics at nano-scale.

Bio

Xiang Zhang is the Ernest S. Kuh Chaired Professor at the University of California, Berkeley and the Director of the NSF Nano-scale Science and Engineering Center (SINAM). He is a member of the US National Academy of Engineering (NAE), Academia Sinica (Republic of China) and fellow of APS, OSA, AAAS and SPIE. His group’s research in optical metamaterials was selected by Times Magazine as “Top 10 Scientific Discoveries in 2008”. Xiang Zhang was a recipient of the NSF CAREER Award, Rohsenow Lecturer at MIT, William C. Reynolds Lecturer at Stanford University, Fred Kavli Distinguished Lecturer at Materials Research Society (MRS), SME Dell K. Allen Outstanding Young Engineer Award and ONR Young Investigator Award. He received his BS/MS in physics in Nanjing University, China, and Ph.D from UC Berkeley in 1996 and was on faculty at Pennsylvania State University and UCLA prior returning Berkeley in 2004.